Байан
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Байан
البيان
بيان
علم البيان في القرآن الكريم https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/علم_البيان
Раздел риторики, который говорит о методах и правилах выражения значения по-разному.
В качестве литературного термина «декларация» означает науку, которая исследует методы и правила выражения чувств и мыслей различными способами, давая необходимую возможность прояснить значение и формулировки. Есть слова, которые выражают значение, которое нужно передать на языке с разной ясностью и качеством. Например, храбрость человека можно описать словами «он храбрый», «он подобен льву в храбрости», «он подобен льву», «он - лев».
https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/beyan--edebiyat
науки о значениях (ма‘ани), изъяснении (байан) и фигурах речи (бади‘). С помощью первой из них познаются особенности построения речи в зависимости от её смысла, с помощью второй — особенности речи в плане ясности и скрытности обозначения выражаемого, а с помощью третьей — способы украшения речи.
Clearness, lucidity, manifestation. Ilm al-bayan (the art or science of eloquence) is a branch of Arabic rhetoric dealing with metaphorical language, connecting idea and verbal expression or writing, and interpreting knowledge, and is close to balagha, eloquence. Based on the sanctity of Arabic as the Quranic language, the Quran is sometimes called al-Bayan, the ultimate manifestation.
The Oxford Dictionary of Islam
Difference Between 'Ilm al-Badee' and 'Ilm al-Bayan To explain the difference between ‘ilm al-bayan and ‘ilm al-badee’:
The main topics dealt with in ‘ilm al-bayan are: the simile (tashbeeh), the metaphor (majaaz), and the metonymy (kinaayah). Thus, its main investigation is into what a word implies or is implied by it. al-Sakkaaki described it as, “The science of signifying a single concept (ma’naa) in a variety of ways.” You can see from its main interests that it deals with figurative, and not literal, usages. In literal usage, there is a fixed relationship between the word (or signifier) and the word’s meaning. So the word ‘asad’ (’lion’) can literally only refer to the animal we know as a lion. Figuratively, however, a man may be described as a ‘lion’ in reference to his courage. His courage may also be alluded to in other ways, as alluded to by al-Sakkaki. This, then, is the concern of ilm al-bayaan.
The concern of ‘ilm al-badee’ however, are the manners in which speech is made more beautiful and ornamented (tahseen), and the ‘fine points of expression’ (mahaasin al-kalaam). Such ornamentation can take a number of forms, some examples of which are: rhymed prose (saj’) which enables prose to be divided into sections, or paranomasia (jinaas), which establishes similarities among the words used, or antithesis (tibaaq), or allusion to the intended meaning (tawriyah), or the use of opposites (muqaabalah) to highlight the intended meaning, and so on.
As you are fond of ishtiqaaq, there is a type of paranomasia called jinaas al-ishtiqaaq, in which the two words are related by their roots, for example in Surah al-Room, verse 43, Allaah says,
فَأَقِمْ وَجْهَكَ لِلدِّينِ الْقَيِّمِ in which there is jinaas al-ishtiqaaq between the words أقم and القيم as they share the same root and are in the same clause.
With regards ‘ilm al-wad’ علم الوضع: The root wa-da-'a means to put or place something. Thus this science refers to the meanings assigned to words, as having been recorded by lexicographers. Due to its close relationship and study of the meaning of words, some choose to translate it as ‘the science of semantics’ but as I do not think the two sciences completely overlap I chose not to.
(courtesty of Arabic Gems with slight changes)
Posted 6th February 2007 by Unknown