Словники:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World

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�Abbas I, Shah Rudi Matthee
�Abd al-Baha William McCants
�Abd al-Hamid Ibn Badis

Claudia Gazzini

�Abd al-Hamid Kishk (Shaykh)

Joel Gordon

�Abd al-Jabbar

M. Sait Özervarli

�Abd al-Karim Sorush

Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi

�Abd al-Nasser, Jamal

Joel Gordon

�Abd al-Qadir, Amir

Peter von Sivers

�Abd al-Rahman Kawakibi

Sohail H. Hashmi

�Abd al-Razzaq al-Sanhuri

Khaled Abou El-Fadl

�Abd al-Wahhab, Muhammad Ibn

Sohail H. Hashmi

�Abduh, Muhammad

Sohail H. Hashmi

Abu Bakr

Rizwi Faizer

Abu Bakr Gumi

Roman Loimeier

Abu Hanifa

Brannon M. Wheeler

Abu ‘l-Hasan Bani-Sadr

Mazyar Lotfalian

Abu ‘l-Hudhayl al-�Allaf

M. Sait Özervarli

Abu ‘l-Qasem Kashani

Mohammad H. Faghfoory

�Ada

Tahir Fuzile Sitoto

Adab

Barbara D. Metcalf

Adhan

Muneer Goolam Fareed

Afghani, Jamal al-Din

Sohail H. Hashmi

Africa, Islam in

David Robinson

African Culture and Islam

Abdin Chande

Aga Khan

Azim Nanji

Ahl al-Bayt

Juan Eduardo Campo

Ahl-e Hadis / Ahl al-Hadith

Barbara D. Metcalf

Ahl al-Hadith

R. Kevin Jaques

Ahl al-Kitab

Stephen Cory

Ahmad Ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi

Roman Loimeier

Ahmad Ibn Idris

Knut S. Vikør

Ahmadiyya

Avril A. Powell

Ahmad Khan, (Sir) Sayyid

David Lelyveld

Ahmad, Mirza Ghulam

Avril A. Powell

�Aisha

Sa’diyya Shaikh

Akbar

Gregory C. Kozlowski

Akhbariyya

Robert Gleave

Akhlaq

Azim Nanji

�Ali

Diana Steigerwald

Aligarh

David Lelyveld

Allah

Daniel C. Peterson

American Culture and Islam

Ihsan Bagby

Americas, Islam in the

Sylviane Anna Diouf

Andalus, al

Aaron Hughes

Angels

Peter Lamborn Wilson

Arabia, Pre-Islam Gordon D. Newby

Arabic Language

Kees Versteegh

Arabic Literature

Gert Borg

Arab League

Juan Eduardo Campo

Architecture

Santhi Kavuri-Bauer

Art

Sheila S. Blair

Jonathan M. Bloom

�Asabiyya Aaron Hughes

Ash�arites, Ash�aira

M. Sait Özervarli

Askiya Muhammad

Ousmane Kane

Asnam

Uri Rubin

Assassins

Farhad Daftary

Astrology

Ahmad S. Dallal

Astronomy

Ahmad S. Dallal

�Atabat

Neguin Yavari

Ataturk, Mustafa Kemal

A. Uner Turgay

Awami League

Sufia Uddin

Ayatollah (Ar. Ayatullah)

Robert Gleave

Azhar, al

Diana Steigerwald

Babiyya

William McCants

Bab, Sayyed �Ali Muhammad

William McCants Baghdad Mona Hassan

Bahaallah

John Walbridge

Bahai Faith

John Walbridge

Balkans, Islam in the

Frances Trix

Bamba, Ahmad

Lucy Creevey

Banna, Hasan al

Sohail H. Hashmi

Baqillani, al

M. Sait Özervarli

Basri, Hasan al

Rkia E. Cornell

Ba�th Party

F. Gregory Gause III

Bazargan, Mehdi

Mazyar Lotfalian

Bedouin

Rochelle Davis

Bid�a

Nico J. G. Kaptein

Bin Ladin, Usama

Richard C. Martin

Biography and Hagiography

Marcia Hermansen

Biruni, al

Marcia Hermansen

Body, Significance of

Brannon M. Wheeler

Bourghiba, Habib

John Ruedy

Bukhara, Khanate and Emirate of

Florian Schwarz

Bukhari, al

Asma Afsaruddin

Buraq

Carel Bertram

Cairo

Aslam Farouk-Alli

Caliphate

Muhammad Qasim Zaman

Calligraphy

Sheila S. Blair Jonathan M. Bloom

Capitalism

Timur Kuran

Cartography and Geography

Karen C. Pinto

Central Asia, Islam in

Devin DeWeese

Central Asian Culture and Islam

Devin DeWeese

Childhood

Elizabeth Warnock Fernea

Christianity and Islam

Patrice C. Brodeur

Circumcision

Kathryn Kueny

Clothing

Charlotte Jirousek

Coinage

Abdullah Saeed

Colonialism

Jamal Malik

Communism

Richard C. Campany, Jr.

Conflict and Violence

A. Rashied Omar

Conversion

Peter B. Clarke

Crusades

Warren C. Schultz

Dar al-Harb

John Kelsay

Dar al-Islam

John Kelsay

Da�wa

David Westerlund Christer Hedin Torsten Janson

Dawla

Sohail H. Hashmi

Death

Juan Eduardo Campo

Deoband

Barbara D. Metcalf

Devotional Life

Gerard Wiegers

Dhikr

Earle Waugh

Dietary Laws

Muneer Goolam Fareed

Disputation

Richard C. Martin

Divorce

Ziba Mir-Hosseini

Dome of the Rock

Sheila S. Blair Jonathan M. Bloom

Dreams

John C. Lamoreaux

Du�a

Muneer Goolam Fareed

East Asia, Islam in

Jacqueline M. Armijo

East Asian Culture and Islam

Jacqueline M. Armijo

Economy and Economic Institutions

Nora Ann Colton

Education

Jonathan Berkey

Empires: Abbasid

Matthew Gordon

Empires: Byzantine

Nadia Maria El Cheikh

Empires: Mogul

Iqtidar Alam Khan

Empires: Mongol and Il-Khanid

Charles Melville

Empires: Ottoman

Donald Quataert

Empires: Safavid and Qajar

Rudi Matthee

Empires: Sassanian

Henning L. Bauer

Empires: Timurid

Paul D. Buell

Empires: Umayyad

Alfons H. Teipen

Erbakan, Necmeddin

Linda T. Darling

Ethics and Social Issues

Ebrahim Moosa

Ethiopia

Haggai Erlich

Ethnicity

Amal Rassam

Eunuchs

Jane Hathaway

European Culture and Islam

Jorgen S. Nielsen

Europe, Islam in

Jorgen S. Nielsen

Expansion

Fred M. Donner

Fadlallah, Muhammad Husayn

Mazyar Lotfalian

Falsafa

Parviz Morewedge

Farrakhan, Louis

Aminah Beverly McCloud

Fasi, Muhammad �Allal al

David L. Johnston

Fatima

Ursula Günther

Fatwa

Daniel C. Peterson

Fedaiyan-e Islam

Fakhreddin Azimi

Feminism

Ghazala Anwar

Fez

Claudia Gazzini

Fitna

Sandra S. Campbell

Fundamentalism

Sohail H. Hashmi

Futuwwa

Reeva Spector Simon

Gasprinskii, Isma�il Bay

A. Uner Turgay

Gender

Zayn R. Kassam

Genealogy

Marcia Hermansen

Ghannoushi, Rashid al

Gudrun Krämer

Ghayba(t)

Robert Gleave

Ghazali, al

Ebrahim Moosa

Ghazali, Muhammad al

Qamar-ul Huda

Ghazali, Zaynab al

Ursula Günther

Globalization

Saïd Amir Arjomand

Grammar and Lexicography

Kees Versteegh

Greek Civilization

Oliver Leaman

Hadith

Harald Motzki

Hajj Salim Suwari, al

Abdulkader Tayob

Haj �Umar al-Tal, al

Abdin Chande

Hallaj, al

Herbert W. Mason

HAMAS

Tamara Sonn

Harem

Etin Anwar

Haron, Abdullah

Shamil Jeppie

Hasan

Michael M. J. Fischer

Hashemi-Rafsanjani, �Ali-Akbar

Majid Mohammadi

Healing

Abdullahi Osman El-Tom

Heresiography

Aaron Hughes

Hijra

Rizwi Faizer

Hijri Calendar

Ahmad S. Dallal

Hilli, �Allama al

Robert Gleave

Hilli, Muhaqqiq al

Robert Gleave

Hinduism and Islam

Juan Eduardo Campo Anna Bigelow

Hisba

Robert Gleave

Historical Writing

Konrad Hirschler

Hizb Allah

Tamara Sonn

Hojjat al-Islam

Robert Gleave

Hojjatiyya Society

Majid Mohammadi

Holy Cities

Aslam Farouk-Alli

Homosexuality

Everett K. Rowson

Hosayniyya

Rasool Ja�fariyan

Hospitality and Islam

Khalid Yahya Blankinship

Hukuma al-Islamiyya, al- (Islamic Government)

Gudrun Krämer

Human Rights

Ursula Günther

Humor

Irfan A. Omar

Husayn

Michael M. J. Fischer

Husayni, Hajj Amin al

Philip Mattar

Husayn, Taha

Sohail H. Hashmi

�Ibadat

Gerard Wiegers

Ibn �Arabi

William C. Chittick

Ibn Battuta

Thyge C. Bro

Ibn Hanbal

Susan A. Spectorsky

Ibn Khaldun

R. Kevin Jaques

Ibn Maja

Asma Afsaruddin

Ibn Rushd

Oliver Leaman

Ibn Sina

Shams C. Inati

Ibn Taymiyya

James Pavlin

Identity, Muslim

Daniel C. Peterson

Ijtihad

Muneer Goolam Fareed

Ikhwan al-Muslimin

David L. Johnston

Ikhwan al-Safa

Azim Nanji

Imam

Muhammad Qasim Zaman

Imamate

Robert Gleave

Imamzadah

Anne H. Betteridge

Internet

Bruce B. Lawrence Miriam Cooke

Intifada

Philip Mattar

Iqbal, Muhammad

David Lelyveld

Iran, Islamic Republic of

Nancy L. Stockdale

Ishraqi School

Seyyed Hossein Nasr

Islam and Islamic

John O. Voll

Islam and Other Religions

Patrice C. Brodeur

Islamicate Society

R. Kevin Jaques

Islamic Jihad

Najib Ghadbian

Islamic Salvation Front

David L. Johnston

Islamic Society of North America

R. Kevin Jaques

Isma�il I, Shah

Sholeh A. Quinn

Ja�far al-Sadiq

Liyakatali Takim

Jahannam

Juan Eduardo Campo

Jahiliyya

Rizwi Faizer

Jama�at-e Islami

Jamal Malik

Jami�

Muneer Goolam Fareed

Jamil al-Amin, Imam

Edward E. Curtis IV

Jam�iyat-e �Ulama-e Hind

Jamal Malik

Jam�iyat-e �Ulama-e Islam

Jamal Malik

Jam�iyat-e �Ulama-e Pakistan

Jamal Malik

Janna

Juan Eduardo Campo Jevdet Pasha Linda T. Darling

Jihad

Sohail H. Hashmi

Jinnah, Muhammad �Ali

Rasul Bakhsh Rais

Judaism and Islam

Gordon D. Newby

Kalam

Parviz Morewedge

Kano

Thyge C. Bro

Karaki, Shaykh �Ali

Rula Jurdi Abisaab

Karbala

Diana Steigerwald

Kemal, Namek

Linda T. Darling

Khalid, Khalid Muhammad

William Shepard

Khamanei, Sayyed �Ali

Majid Mohammadi

Khan

Gene Garthwaite

Khanqa (Khanaqa, Khanga)

Leonor Fernandes

Khan, Reza of Bareilly

Barbara D. Metcalf

Kharijites, Khawarij

Annie C. Higgins

Khidr, al

Hugh Talat Halman

Khilafat Movement

Gail Minault

Khirqa

Margaret Malamud

Khiva, Khanate of

Touraj Atabaki

Khoi, Abo l Qasem

Majid Mohammadi

Khojas

Azim Nanji

Khomeini, Ruhollah

Nancy L. Stockdale

Khutba

Patrick D. Gaffney

Kindi, al

Jon McGinnis

Knowledge

Parviz Morewedge

Komiteh

Majid Mohammadi

Kunti, Mukhtar al

Khalil Athamina

Law

Osman Tastan

Lebanon

Farid el Khazen

Liberalism

Charles Kurzman

Liberation Movement of Iran

Claudia Stodte

Libraries

John Walbridge

Madani, �Abbasi

Claudia Gazzini

Madhhab

Brannon M. Wheeler

Madrasa

John Walbridge

Mahdi
Marcia Hermansen
Mahdi, Sadiq al

John O. Voll

Mahdist State, Mahdiyya

Shamil Jeppie

Mahr

Ziba Mir-Hosseini

Majlis

Saïd Amir Arjomand

Majlisi, Muhammad Baqir

Rula Jurdi Abisaab

Makassar, Shaykh Yusuf

R. Michael Feener

Malcolm X

Edward E. Curtis IV

Malik, Ibn Anas

Jonathan E. Brockopp

Mamun, al

Muhammad Qasim Zaman

Manar, Manara

Sheila S. Blair Jonathan M. Bloom

Manicheanism

Elton L. Daniel

Mansa Musa

Ousmane Kane

Marja� al-Taqlid

Robert Gleave

Marriage

Ziba Mir-Hosseini

Martyrdom

Daniel W. Brown

Marwa, Muhammad

Paula Stiles

Marwan

Rizwi Faizer

Masculinities

Marcia Hermansen

Mashhad

Rasool Ja�fariyan

Masjid

Patrick D. Gaffney

Maslaha

Richard C. Martin

Material Culture

Hassan Mwakimako

Maturidi, al

M. Sait Özervarli

Maududi, Abu l-A�la

Jamal Malik

Mazalim

Osman Tastan

Mazru�i

Randall L. Pouwels

Medicine

Gail G. Harrison Osman M. Galal

Mihna

Muhammad Qasim Zaman

Mihrab

Sheila S. Blair Jonathan M. Bloom

Military Raid

Rizwi Faizer

Minbar (Mimbar)

Richard T. Antoun

Minorities: Dhimmis

Patrick Franke

Minorities: Offshoots of Islam

Robert Gleave

Miracles

Marcia Hermansen

Mi�raj

Frederick Colby Michael Sells

Modernism

Charles Kurzman

Modernity

Javed Majeed

Modernization, Political: Administrative, Military, and Judicial Reform

Aslam Farouk-Alli

Modernization, Political: Authoritarianism and Democratization

Claudia Stodte Anne-Sophie Froehlich

Modernization, Political: Constitutionalism

Sohail H. Hashmi

Modernization, Political: Participation, Political Movements, and Parties

Quintan Wiktorowicz

Modern Thought

Charles Kurzman

Mojahedin-e Khalq

Juan Eduardo Campo

Mojtahed-Shabestari, Mohammad

Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi

Molla

Kamran Aghaie

Mollabashi

Mansur Sefatgol

Monarchy

Saïd Amir Arjomand

Moravids

Peter B. Clarke

Mosaddeq, Mohammad

Fakhreddin Azimi

Motahhari, Mortaza

Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi

Mu�awiya

Suleman Dangor

Mufti

Muneer Goolam Fareed

Muhammad

Rizwi Faizer

Muhammad Ahmad Ibn �Abdullah

Mohamed Mahmoud

Muhammad �Ali, Dynasty of

Joel Gordon

Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya

Liyakatali Takim

Muhammad, Elijah

Edward E. Curtis IV

Muhammadiyya (Muhammadiyah)

Robert W. Hefner

Muhammad Reza Shah Pahlevi

Stephanie Cronin

Muhammad, Warith Deen

Edward E. Curtis IV

Muharram

David Pinault

Muhasibi, al

Rkia E. Cornell

Muhtasib

Robert Gleave

Mujahidin

Amin Tarzi

Mulla Sadra

Seyyed Hossein Nasr

Murjiites, Murjia

Shalahudin Kafrawi

Music

Munir Beken

Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj

Asma Afsaruddin

Muslim Student Association of North America

Aminah Beverly McCloud

Mu�tazilites, Mu�tazila

Shalahudin Kafrawi

Nader Shah Afshar

John R. Perry

Nahdlatul Ulama (NU)

Nelly van Doorn-Harder

Naini, Mohammad Hosayn

Mohammad H. Faghfoory

Najaf

Mazyar Lotfalian

Nar

Juan Eduardo Campo

Nasai, al

Asma Afsaruddin

Nationalism: Arab

Nancy L. Stockdale

Nationalism: Iranian

Fakhreddin Azimi

Nationalism: Turkish

A. Uner Turgay

Nation of Islam

Aminah Beverly McCloud

Nawruz

Anne H. Betteridge Nazzam, alM. Sait Özervarli

Networks, Muslim

Bruce B. Lawrence Miriam Cooke

Nikah

Ziba Mir-Hosseini

Niyabat-e �amma

Robert Gleave

Nizam al-Mulk

Warren C. Schultz

Nizari

Azim Nanji

Nur Movement

Berna Turam

Nuri, Fazlallah

Mohammad H. Faghfoory

Nursi, Said

A. Uner Turgay

Organization of the Islamic Conference

Qamar-ul Huda

Orientalism

Qamar-ul Huda

Pakistan, Islamic Republic of

Rasul Bakhsh Rais

Pan-Arabism

Sohail H. Hashmi

Pan-Islam

Sohail H. Hashmi

Pan-Turanism

Touraj Atabaki

Pasdaran

Majid Mohammadi

Persian Language and Literature

Franklin D. Lewis

Pilgrimage: Hajj

Kathryn Kueny

Pilgrimage: Ziyara

Richard C. Martin

Pluralism: Legal and Ethno-Religious

Irene Schneider

Pluralism: Political

Gudrun Krämer

Political Islam

Gudrun Krämer

Political Organization

Linda T. Darling

Political Thought

Louise Marlow

Polygamy

Ziba Mir-Hosseini

Property

Timur Kuran

Prophets

Brannon M. Wheeler

Purdah

Gail Minault

Qadhdhafi, Mu�ammar al

Ali Abdullatif Ahmida

Qadi (Kadi, Kazi)

Ebrahim Moosa

Qa�ida, al

Richard C. Martin

Qanun

Khaled Abou El-Fadl

Qibla

Gerard Wiegers

Qom

Rasool Ja�fariyan

Quran

Farid Esack

Qutb, Sayyid

Sohail H. Hashmi

Rabi�a of Basra

Rkia E. Cornell

Rahman, Fazlur

Marcia Hermansen

Rashid, Harun al

Sebastian Günther

Rashidun

Muhammad Qasim Zaman

Rawza-Khani

Kamran Aghaie

Refah Partisi

Linda T. Darling

Reform: Arab Middle East and

North Africa Sohail H. Hashmi

Reform: Iran

Hossein Kamaly

Reform: Muslim Communities of the Russian Empire

Allen J. Frank

Reform: South Asia

Ahrar Ahmad

Reform: Southeast Asia

Mark R. Woodward

Religious Beliefs

R. Kevin Jaques

Religious Institutions

Abdulkader Tayob

Republican Brothers

John O. Voll

Revolution: Classical Islam

Saïd Amir Arjomand Revolution: Islamic

Revolution in Iran

Kristian Alexander

Revolution: Modern

Saïd Amir Arjomand

Reza Shah

Stephanie Cronin

Riba

Timur Kuran

Rida, Rashid

Sohail H. Hashmi

Ritual

Gerard Wiegers

Rumi, Jalaluddin

Franklin D. Lewis

Rushdie, Salman

Amir Hussain

Sadat, Anwar al

Joel Gordon

Sadr

Andrew J. Newman

Sadr, Muhammad Baqir al

Majid Mohammadi

Sadr, Musa al

Majid Mohammadi

Sahara

F. Ghislaine Lydon

Saint

Arthur F. Buehler

Saladin

Warren C. Schultz

Salafiyya

John O. Voll

Saleh bin Allawi

Abdin Chande

Saudi Dynasty

F. Gregory Gause III

Sayyid

Robert Gleave

Science, Islam and

Aaron Hughes

Secularism, Islamic

Charles Kurzman

Secularization

Mahmood Monshipouri

Shafi�i, al

Christopher Melchert

Shaltut, Mahmud

Sohail H. Hashmi

Shari�a

Jonathan E. Brockopp

Shari�ati, �Ali

Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi

Sharif

Robert Gleave

Shar�it Shangalaji, Reza-Qoli

Paula Stiles

Shaykh al-Islam

Robert Gleave

Shaykhiyya

Paula Stiles

Shi�a: Early

Devin J. Stewart

Shi�a: Imami (Twelver)

David Pinault

Shi�a: Isma�ili

Farhad Daftary

Shi�a: Zaydi (Fiver)

Robert Gleave

Shirk

R. Kevin Jaques

Siba�i, Mustafa al

Paula Stiles

Silsila

Arthur F. Buehler

Sirhindi, Shaykh Ahmad

Arthur F. Buehler

Socialism

F. Gregory Gause III

South Asia, Islam in

Scott A. Kugle

South Asian Culture and Islam

Perween Hasan

Southeast Asia, Islam in

Nelly van Doorn-Harder

Southeast Asian Culture and Islam

Nelly van Doorn-Harder

Succession

Mark Wegner

Suhrawardi, al

John Walbridge

Sukayna

Rizwi Faizer

Sultanates: Ayyubid

Carole Hillenbrand

Sultanates: Delhi

Iqtidar Alam Khan

Sultanates: Ghaznavid

Walid A. Saleh

Sultanates: Mamluk

Warren C. Schultz

Sultanates: Modern

Hassan Mwakimako

Sultanates: Seljuk

Saïd Amir Arjomand

Sunna

Daniel W. Brown

Suyuti, al

E. M. Sartain

Tabari, al

Christopher Melchert

Tablighi Jama�at

Barbara D. Metcalf

Tafsir

Kathryn Kueny

Tahmasp I, Shah

Sholeh A. Quinn

Tajdid

John O. Voll

Taliban

Amin Tarzi Kimberly McCloud

Tanzimat

Linda T. Darling

Taqiyya

Robert Gleave

Taqlid

Robert Gleave

Tariqa

Carl W. Ernst

Tasawwuf

Carl W. Ernst

Ta�ziya

Kamran Aghaie

Terrorism

Juan Eduardo Campo Caleb Elfenbein

Thaqafi, Mukhtar al

Christopher Melchert

Timbuktu

Ousmane Kane

Touba

Lucy Creevey

Traditionalism

R. Kevin Jaques

Translation

Lamin Sanneh

Travel and Travelers

Thyge C. Bro

Tribe

Amal Rassam

Turabi, Hasan al

John O. Voll

Tusi, Muhammad Ibn al-Hasan

(Shaykh al-Ta�ifa) Robert Gleave

Tusi, Nasir al-Din

Zayn R. Kassam

Ulema

Robert Gleave

�Umar

Khalid Yahya Blankinship

Umma

Abdullah Saeed

Umm Kulthum

Virginia Danielson

United States, Islam in the

Edward E. Curtis IV

Urdu Language, Literature,

and Poetry Christopher Shackle

Usuliyya

Ahmad Kazemi Moussavi

�Uthman Dan Fodio

Roman Loimeier

�Uthman ibn �Affan

Rizwi Faizer

Veiling

Ghazala Anwar Liz McKay

Velayat-e Faqih

Robert Gleave

Vernacular Islam

Joyce Burkhalter Flueckiger

Wahdat al-Wujud

William C. Chittick

Wahhabiyya

Sohail H. Hashmi

Wajib al-Wujud

Shams C. Inati

Wali Allah, Shah

Marcia Hermansen

Waqf

Gregory C. Kozlowski

Wazifa

Mansur Sefatgol

Wazir

Richard C. Martin

West, Concept of in Islam

John O. Voll

Women, Public Roles of

Etin Anwar

Yahya bin �Abdallah Ramiya

Hassan Mwakimako

Young Ottomans

Murat C. Mengüç

Young Turks

Murat C. Mengüç

Youth Movements

Ali Akbar Mahdi

Yusuf Ali, �Abdullah

Abdulkader Tayob

Zand, Karim Khan

John R. Perry

Zanzibar, Sa�idi Sultanate of

Abdin Chande

Zar

Adeline Masquelier

Zaytuna

Claudia Gazzini